The lethal crash at Odisha's Balasore district on Friday, which has up to now claimed over 280 lives and injured 900 extra, has targeted consideration on the security of the railway community on the planet's second most populous nation.
Run by state monopoly Indian Railways, the community is the fourth largest on the planet and transports 13 million folks every single day in addition to transferring 1.5bn tonnes of freight yearly alongside greater than 40,000 miles (64,000km) of tracks.
It includes 14,000 passenger trains and eight,000 stations.
In current years, cash has been pumped into modernising the system, with $30bn (£24.1bn) being dedicated final 12 months to spend on new trains and fashionable stations, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi has pushed to spice up infrastructure and connectivity within the nation's fast-growing financial system.
The authorities's file capital outlay for the railways, a 50% improve over the earlier fiscal 12 months, had targeted on upgrading tracks, easing congestion and including new trains, together with a brand new, semi-high-speed prepare in-built India referred to as the Vande Bharat Express - or "Salute to India".
However Friday's lethal accident, the worst in India for nearly three many years, reveals that funding must additionally handle security issues, specialists say.
Read extra:At least 280 killed and hundreds injured in Odisha's Balasore district
"The safety record has been improving over the years but there is more work to do," stated Prakash Kumar Sen, head of the division of mechanical engineering at Kirodimal Institute of Technology in central India.
"Human error or poor track maintenance are generally to blame in such crashes," Mr Sen stated.
The railways have been introducing extra trains to deal with hovering demand, however the community's workforce to keep up them has not stored tempo, he stated. Workers should not educated adequately or their workload is simply too excessive, and they do not get sufficient relaxation.
June 1981: India's most dangerous prepare catastrophe occurred in Bihar state, close to the Nepalese border. At least 800 folks died after seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger prepare blew off the monitor and right into a river throughout a cyclone.
July 1988: In Quilon, southern India, 106 folks died when an categorical prepare derailed and fell right into a monsoon-heavy lake.
August 1995: At least 350 folks have been killed when two trains collided 125 miles from Delhi.
August 1999: Two trains crashed close to Calcutta, killing 285 folks.
October 2005: In Andhra Pradesh state, at the least 77 folks died when a number of coaches of a passenger prepare derailed.
July 2011: In Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, a mail prepare derailed, killing 70 folks and injuring greater than 300.
November 2016: An categorical prepare derailed in Uttar Pradesh, killing 146 folks and injuring greater than 200.
January 2017: In Andhra Pradesh, 41 folks died when a number of coaches of a passenger prepare left the monitor.
October 2018: At least 59 folks died in Amritsar metropolis, northern India when a commuter prepare crashed right into a crowd gathered on the monitor for a competition. Fifty-seven folks have been injured.
The east coast route on which Friday's crash occurred is among the nation's oldest and busiest because it additionally carries a lot of India's coal and oil freight.
"These tracks are very old ... the load on them is very high, if maintenance is not good, failures will happen," Mr Sen stated.
Indian Railways say security is a key focus, pointing to a low accident charge over time.
"This question [on safety] is arising because there has been one incident now. But if you see the data, you will see that there have been no major accidents for years," a railways ministry spokesperson stated.
The variety of accidents per million prepare kilometres fell to 0.03 in 2021-22, from 0.10 in 2013-14, the spokesperson stated.
"Some malfunction has happened and that's what the inquiry will reveal," the spokesman stated, referring to Friday's crash. "We will find out why it happened and how it happened."
From 2017 to 2021, there have been greater than 100,000 train-related deaths in India, in line with a 2022 report printed by the National Crime Records Bureau. That determine consists of instances by which passengers fell from the trains, collisions, and folks being mowed by rushing trains on the tracks.
Srinand Jha, an impartial transport skilled, stated the railways have been engaged on security mechanisms resembling anti-collision units and emergency warning methods however have been sluggish to put in them throughout the community.
"They will always tell you that accidents are at a very manageable level because they talk about them in terms of percentages," Mr Jha stated, including that in recent times the main target has been extra on new trains and fashionable stations and never as a lot on tracks, signalling methods and asset administration.
"This accident brings out the need to focus more on these aspects," he stated.
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