The Royal Navy has carried out the primary trial of a quantum navigation system that might enable a vessel to know its exact place anyplace on the earth with out utilizing GPS.

The expertise, developed by physicists at Imperial College in London, exploits the quantum properties of atoms to measure an object's motion extra exactly than by standard means.

A ship outfitted with the expertise may navigate extra precisely than with chart and compass and with out satellite-based navigation on which the world now depends.

"Sometimes that can be interfered with or sometimes it doesn't work," stated Captain Tom Ryan, head of Navy X, the Royal Navy's analysis division.

"So the ability to have a new and novel way of accurately, very accurately, plotting your position is fundamental to the way the Royal Navy and the military does business."

The Royal Navy will not be drawn on precisely how the expertise is perhaps used.

But the actual fact submarines cannot use GPS whereas submerged, and that the Navy does not are likely to touch upon any expertise used on submarines, is perhaps a clue.

We're standing on the bridge of the XV Patrick Blackett, the Navy's new experimental vessel.

The ship is glossy, with tinted home windows, a shiny black hull and a menacing-looking carbon fibre drone on its deck - it's extremely James Bond.

However, the quantum accelerometer it is testing could not be much less so.

Sat in a delivery container and held quick with cargo straps is a white field concerning the measurement of a fridge, related to computer systems.

"This is a very exotic environment for one of these kinds of sensors," stated Dr Joe Cotter, from Imperial College, who helped develop it.

"One of the big challenges is making it work in the real world where things are moving, magnetic fields are changing.

"There are a number of vibrations that we have to handle to maintain this factor secure sufficient to have the ability to function."

The contents of the white box are secret, so to get an idea of how it works we visit its prototype in Imperial College's Blackett Laboratory (named, as chance would have it, after the same guy as the ship - an ex-naval physicist who won a Nobel Prize for discovering cosmic rays).

The quantum accelerometer - to offer it its correct title - contains a squashed metal sphere with numerous ducts and wires popping out of it.

But it is primarily a chamber to carry, cool and measure a cloud of about one billion atoms of rubidium-87.

The researchers use laser mild to entice the atoms.

When they're only a few millionths of a level above absolute zero their quantum-like behaviour begins to dominate: they start to behave much less like particles and extra like a wave.

By manipulating and measuring this behaviour it is doable to measure extraordinarily precisely the affect of gravity on their system, which in flip permits them to measure the pace and path of its motion.

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"By encoding these acceleration and rotation signals in the internal states of atoms, it will protect them from the real world," stated Dr Cotter.

"This enables us to run them for much, much longer, which in the future should enable you to navigate for a much longer time without having to fix your reference using some other kinds of technology."

The lab system makes a measurement of place about as soon as a second.

By figuring out path of journey over time, computer systems can preserve a relentless examine on the ship's place.

Cruder variations of this strategy, known as inertial navigations techniques have been used on missiles, spacecraft and submarines.

The Navy trial ought to enable them to grasp whether or not the delicate quantum system might be made sturdy sufficient to work virtually throughout a life at sea.