Russia's invasion of Ukraine compelled tens of millions of individuals to flee their properties. Almost 170,000 of them have spent a lot of the final 18 months navigating new lives within the UK.
Sky News spoke with 5 refugees who shared their tales of beginning over in Britain, risking life and limb to go to their homeland, and their hopes and fears for the way forward for the warfare.
Knowing her household is making ready for the "end of the world" close to an imperilled nuclear plant makes the protection of the UK bittersweet for Alyona Kaporina.
The director, 39, has discovered help in her new dwelling of Manchester, however she feels "completely helpless" figuring out her sister, Valentina, and niece, Agnessa, are "living in fear" in a village near the Zaporizhzhia energy station.
In June and July, the plant was threatened by a collapsed dam, explosives allegedly put in by Russians, and energy outages brought on by army exercise.
"These were very exhausting weeks. We are preparing and living in constant expectation of the end of the world," says Agnessa, with Ms Kaporina performing as a translator.
"We have been living with a sense of fear... no sedatives work any more."
While her household shares up on iodine tablets, tapes their home windows hermetic and hermetically seals their meals in case of nuclear catastrophe, Ms Kaporina waits nervously for news 1,600 miles away.
"It is not just words, it is a real threat," she says.
"In June, it really scared me and my relatives, and they really prepared. I was really very nervous."
Fighting on the knowledge entrance
Unable to assist her household on the frontline, Ms Kaporina, initially from Kyiv, has devoted herself to what the Ukrainians name the "information front" by organising a rally in Piccadilly Gardens each Saturday.
Refugees meet to talk of their native language, sing Ukrainian songs and to remind the UK the warfare remains to be raging.
"I think the world is a little bit tired maybe about news from the war. And people in Ukraine are tired but our soldiers continue to die defending our country," she says.
Last week, a detailed pal's husband was amongst them, forsaking his pregnant spouse.
"It happens every day. Sometimes you don't know those people, sometimes you know those people who died for your freedom, your independence."
Explaining why her group gathers each Saturday, Ms Kaporina says: "Russia continues to attack our civilian people, our civilian cities, and we never know when it will be over. We [don't] have any right to forget."
People from England, Belarus, Azerbaijan and Lithuania be a part of her every week to boost consciousness.
"It is really important and it's really [a] pleasure and we are grateful to a lot with people for their support."
Ms Kaporina says the UK has been very welcoming since she arrived in May final yr, however she and different Ukrainian refugees have struggled with incompatible job {qualifications} and felt remoted by language obstacles.
"I know that for many people it is a big problem because when you live in Ukraine you can have very nice degree, and you can have a very high job and a very big experience, but when you arrive in UK and you don't speak English you are really nobody," she says.
Mother of two Natalie Baksheieva is stuffed with gratitude for the welcome she has acquired in Winchester - however it will not cease her returning to her homeland, even when her life is at risk.
"What struck me here is that people are genuinely, sincerely compassionate," she says.
"I am touched. I feel it is so important for us to survive. This idea that we are not alone gives us strength."
Missiles have virtually killed Ms Baksheieva twice throughout her three journeys again to Kyiv.
Russian bombs exploded somewhat over a mile away from her flat in October, putting the route she deliberate to take to the dentist.
Before that, her neighbouring block of residences was partially destroyed by rockets hours after she left town on the finish of a separate go to final July.
She stays undeterred, with one other journey to settle authorized proceedings over the guardianship of a relative deliberate subsequent month, however says she is "afraid" of the "roulette" she is enjoying.
"Honestly, I dread it," she says, including there have been 4 sirens a day in latest weeks.
Separated from her son
Multiple folks died, automobiles have been incinerated and a "huge crater" was left subsequent to her dental observe in October's assault. Ms Baksheieva, a gross sales coach, fears her son, 22, trapped in Ukraine by martial regulation, could be amongst Russia's subsequent victims.
"Living with this, it is painful. It is like an ongoing pain that you cannot just brush off because it is about your kids," she says.
During her first go to again, no one smiled and "you could feel the anxiety in the air", however by 2023, acute stress had change into "chronic" background nervousness.
Sirens have been fixed, however folks have been used to it. Missiles exploded, however typically shot down by Kyiv's air defence defend.
"At the beginning there would be empty streets. With time, people would ignore sirens and continue to play in the playgrounds with kids."
Ms Baksheieva, who grew up within the Soviet Union, has harsh phrases for anybody calling for a compromise with Russia to finish the warfare.
"Have you ever lived in an unfree country? Have you ever experienced that? Because [freedom] is like air, you don't realise it until you don't have it."
She describes a scarcity of freedom as "something physical", including: "You don't understand. It is like living suffocating."
I did not vote for Zelenskyy
Ms Baksheieva credit Volodymyr Zelenskyy for the West's backing - regardless of having not voted for him.
"I didn't think he was a great president before but what he has done since the beginning of the war is extraordinary.
"I feel it's diplomacy 2.0 that he created. Because he's not a diplomat. Because he jumped from stage to presidency, he lacks all these layers of we-are-very-concerned bulls***."
The price of dwelling disaster and separation from his spouse and younger son have satisfied Agha Hassan Abbas to return to Ukraine.
He discovered he "can't survive" right here on the shifts he picks up as a barista and his spouse, who's Pakistani, has had her visa denied.
Having spent the previous yr shifting between the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland and Canada earlier than his arrival within the UK, Mr Abbas fought again tears as he described being left with nothing.
"I am not happy. Sometimes I am sitting and I am crying," he says. "We are not living."
He remembers his prosperity in Ukraine: "I had so many things there. I was the owner of my shops. I had my own home, I had my car, but now everything is zero in my life and I am going to start again. It is very disturbing for me. I am 42 years old."
This just isn't the primary time Russia has compelled Mr Abbas to start out over. He deserted his first kebab store in Luhansk for the western metropolis of Vinnitsa in 2014 when Russian armed teams seized elements of the Donbas.
"I never thought it would happen again in my life. In my life I have seen two times war. Two times I have started my life and I lost everything," he says.
Mr Abbas was in Pakistan visiting his spouse's household when Russia invaded Ukraine final yr, and didn't settle in a single nation till arriving right here in January.
He had hoped he may promote his automobile, welcome his spouse to the nation and that they may make a dwelling doing "any small job" anyplace reasonably priced - however his hope is misplaced.
"I don't know when, but I will go back [to Ukraine] because I don't think I can survive alone here... I don't know how I will manage it - it's very expensive," he says, including that he's very grateful nonetheless to have been provided a visa within the UK.
Having renounced his Pakistani citizenship when he turned a Ukrainian nationwide in 2005 (Ukraine doesn't permit twin citizenship), Mr Abbas says he can not be a part of his spouse in Pakistan both as a result of he's not allowed to work within the nation.
He recognises he's taking "a very big risk" returning to Ukraine, however says it's his dwelling.
"I have everything in Ukraine. My whole life I spent everything, I risk everything, in Ukraine."
Asked if he intends to assist rebuild when the warfare is over, he says there isn't a doubt in his thoughts.
"The land who give me everything: My everything for this land," he says.
"I will participate - not physically because of an issue - but I will participate financially, if I am there and I am earning."
He vows: "I will start again."
Watching her cousin trade vows within the aftermath of a "massive" assault on Mykolaiv was "surreal" for Veronika Prykhodko, 27, who has been dwelling in London since final May.
As the authorities looked for our bodies in buildings destroyed by Russian drones, she and her kin on the wedding ceremony final month toasted the Ukrainian military for enabling them to carry it.
The night time earlier than, Ms Prykhodko and her mom, who have been visiting Ukraine for 3 weeks, noticed air defence systems spring into action for the primary time, firing a "chain" of rockets at incoming drones, which exploded and rained down hunks of steel.
"It is basically a movie that you watch with your eyes from the window - which is wild," Ms Prykhodko says.
It was a stark instance of how her mates in Ukraine now stay two very completely different lives, one in the course of the day and one at night time, when most Russian assaults happen.
While visiting Kyiv, Ms Prykhodko slept in a toilet or an underground automobile park to flee missile strikes, earlier than waking as much as drink espresso with mates on one other "beautiful day".
"That's the routine. That's the new normal. Everyone is very philosophical about it. They're like 'if it hits me it hits me, I did everything I could'. They hide obviously and do everything to protect themselves, but there is no way they can 24/7 sit at home crying," she says.
Ms Prykhodko is sanguine, likening constructive experiences to placing on an oxygen masks throughout a aircraft emergency earlier than serving to anybody else.
"You cannot just live on patriotism. You really need to live your life - and then be able to help the army and help rebuild the country's economy."
Anger and guilt
That's to not say the daytime in Kyiv was regular. Air-raid sirens have been near-constant. At all instances, Ms Prykhodko thought of the place she may conceal if bombs started to fall.
She described an unabating stress driving her "crazy", paranoia prompting her to listen to sirens when there weren't any. But one emotion overrode all others.
"I was angry the whole time," she says. "The nation has never been so angry and so p***ed at somebody. I'm not just saying everyone hates Putin but you hate the whole country too.
"What I hate essentially the most is I can not really feel protected in my very own nation."
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Returning to London on the finish of final month got here with its personal emotional burden - the gnawing feeling of "survivors' guilt".
Ms Prykhodko says she feels "privileged" to be safe, to work and afford to rent, to be a woman who can leave the country while men like her father, aged between 18 and 60, remain under martial law.
"You unconsciously begin blaming your self for having such a very good state of affairs," she says.
People in the UK have been "mega supportive", she says, particularly of her mother, who speaks little English and has struggled to communicate while buying food or using the job centre.
But the Homes for Ukraine scheme visa ends in 2025, and the pair are in limbo over what occurs subsequent.
"The future is kind of blurry but additionally que sera, sera, we'll see what occurs. I'm hoping the warfare will probably be over."
A dentist who fled to the UK along with her six-year-old daughter has described the heartbreak of seeing her youngster "lose everything".
Both have been compelled to start out their lives once more, with Kristina Nepushenkov, 47, discovering her {qualifications} aren't recognised within the UK and Agatha restarting her training at reception degree with none mates.
After a yr and a half in England, Agatha is unable to learn or write in Ukrainian, so Ms Nepushenkov desires to proceed her training within the UK - however the visa system has left them in limbo.
"I want to make my daughter happy. She lost everything," says Ms Nepushenkov, who lives in Maidenhead.
"She always asks 'where are my grandparents, where is my dog, where is my father, where are my friends?' And what I can do?"
Some of Ms Nepushenkov's mates stayed in Ukraine: "It's not that they don't care for their lives - they choose to stay because it's very scary to lose everything."
Ms Nepushenkov, now coaching in dentistry for the second time, says she is aware of quite a few Ukrainian medical professionals, together with docs, whose {qualifications} couldn't safe them jobs within the UK.
They have discovered themselves incomes much less cash and going through a higher cost of living, whereas struggling to search out locations to hire. Ms Nepushenkov and her daughter stay in a one-bedroom flat.
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"It is a strange feeling," she says.
"It is like your life has completely changed. But I try to find better in this situation - because maybe for my daughter it is better to live here."
Developing her language expertise has made Agatha happier within the UK than when she first arrived, Ms Nepushenkov says.
"She started to speak with officials, with waiters in the restaurant, and she is so happy that they understood her."
She laughs. "Sometimes I cannot understand her. English people understand her very well, but I can't."
Yet it may "all be for nothing", she says, if their visas aren't prolonged on the finish of subsequent yr.
The pair stay in limbo over what standing they'll have within the UK in 2025 - whereas additionally unsure if they'll have a house to return to in Ukraine by then.
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